Essay Sweat, Fire and Ethics by Bob Jeffcott - 743 Words

It is often said that products made in sweatshops are cheap and that is why people buy those products, but why is it behind the clothes or shoes that we wear that make sweatshops bad? In the article Sweat, Fire and Ethics by Bob Jeffcott is trying to persuade the people and tell them how sweatshops are bad. Bob Jeffcott supports the effort of workers of the global supply chains in order to win improved wages and good working conditions and a better quality of life of those who work on sweatshops. He mentions and describes in detail how the conditions of the sweatshops are and how the people working in them are forced to long working hours for little money. He makes the question, â€Å"we think we can end sweatshops abuses by just changing our†¦show more content†¦In this article he tries to prove his point of view of the sweatshop by proving and stating how the women suffer being there just so in the end we can have a brand accessory like Nike or Gap. Also he talks to his a udience because he mentions that we can write letters to companies when workers’ rights are violated and to show support of their efforts to organize, â€Å"we can put pressure on our government to adopt policies and regulations that make companies accountable when they fail to address flagrant and persistent violations of workers’ rights.† As of today there are some major brands that have the ‘company code of conduct compliance staff’ in order to answer complaints and investigates the situation and report back and tell what they were going to do to fix the problem. But with all those advances made there’s still any changes in the workplace because he states that a â€Å"a little less child labor, fewer forced pregnancy tests or health and safety violations in the larger factories used by major brands† but they still give them poverty wages, long hours of forced overtime and massive firings of workers that triedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sweat, Fire And Ethics By Bob Jeffcott995 Words   |  4 Pagesare ineffective. Bob Jeffcott, wrote and published â€Å"Sweat, Fire and Ethics,† in which he argues that citizenship is more likely to get rid of rather than shopping. Jeffcott’s purpose is to convey the poor working conditions of factories that ends in death of hundreds in which, no one is doing much to end them. Moreover, he describes what is really taking place in the manufacturing industries as well as what it actually mean to us consumers. In â€Å"Sweat, Fire and Ethics,† Bob Jeffcott effectively arguesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sweat, Fire And Ethics, By Bob Jeffcott1323 Words   |  6 Pagesfor sweatshops themselves are complex. The grand debate of opposing views in regards to sweatshops continues between two writers who both make convincing arguments as to why and how sweatshops should or should not be dealt with. In Sweat, Fire and Ethics, by Bob Jeffcott, he argues that more people ought to worry less about the outer layers of sweatshops and delve deeper into the real reason they exist and the unnecessariness of them. In contrast, Jeffrey D. Sachs writes of the urgent requirement of

Teen Suicides And The Rise Since The 1970 S Essay

Teen suicides have been on the rise since the 1970’s, making it the second leading cause of death among the youth within the U.S. Suicide is the act of taking one’s own life, intentionally. All of my sources have great information and some sort of stance in spite of all of the chaos with this topic. These authors include Emma Brown, Dahr Jamail, Sonia Nazario, Ophelia D. Johnson, Sara-Ellen Amster, Ames Alexander, Michele Ingrassia John McCormick, Ruth Padawer, Colleen Diskin, Joanne Fox, Gregg Zoroya, Kathleen Megan, and Michael E. Young. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S and their are many factors that play a role in the process leading up to a suicide, including bullying, traumatic experiences, and mental illnesses. Bullying causes suicide. There is a firm link between suicide and bullying, as stated by many reports on bullying-related suicides in the United States and many other countries. â€Å"Children who are bullied as well as those who bully others are more likely to contemplate or attempt suicide† (Strickland 1). The National Center for Educational Statistics, in 2009, said nearly 1 in 3 students between the ages of 12 and 18 reported being bullied in school. â€Å"Bullycide,† is a term that is increasingly finding its way into the educational lexicon as a result of several teen suicides that were attributed at least in part to bullying. Cyberbullying is a new fad, per se, in today’s technologically advanced society. â€Å"In fact, some behavior in suchShow MoreRelatedEssay on Juvenile Offenders699 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween teens (pre-teens) and adults for thousands of years, and the question how to deal with the youth of a culture, in a punishment sense, has been with us for just as long. Socrates, for example, stated that children show little respect for there elders. Since Socrates time largely due to the spread of guns and drugs, younger and younger children are committing violent crimes. Children that have special needs or have committed a criminal act have been subject to state protection since, 1838.Read MoreLowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesare lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individual who are unde rage (Toomey 1961-1962). Teens tend to over drink, which can lead to severe consequences. They do not know better because they are inexperienced and not aware of the effects. Better drinking habits could be enforced by lowering the minimum legal drinking age. This could give eighteenRead MoreThe American War On Drugs1598 Words   |  7 PagesWhile being unfairly targeted by drug laws and law enforcement, minorities in America are having a difficult time trying to be productive members of society. A famous quote attributed to Charlie Fleisher says much about the 1960’s. â€Å"If you remember the 1960’s, then you weren’t there.† By the late 1960s drug use had become a fairly popular and readily accepted way of occupying oneself. A way to rebel against the status quo of during such a turbulent era was drug use. However, to explore theRead MoreThe Rock Of Rock And Roll1062 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of time there has always been music in the world. The Native Americans had their tribal music, which was used for healing, ceremonies, and ancient rituals. Ever since the beginning of the 20th century there has been rock and roll. Rock and roll has changed drastically over the years. In my opinion, it is possibly one of the most important genres there is. 1950s: The Birth of Rock and Roll- This was the decade that rock and roll first emerged. Even though swing music was stillRead MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Legal Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages The legalization of marijuana has been a debated subject in America since the 1970s. The pro-marijuana society in America has made claims as to how marijuana can help cure or lessen the effect of some diseases and that by legalizing the drug; the use of pot will actually decline. The fact of the matter is that marijuana is a drug that can be placed into a similar category as cocaine or heroine. Like these other drugs, pot (marijuana) smoking carries with it serious side effects that can effectRead MoreRock ‘N Roll And Its Impact On Society. Music Is Ever Changing.1855 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluencing things like individual music taste, political views, and personal expression. A History of Rock ‘n Roll Rock’s deep influence over people is greatly affected by its intriguing history. The rock movement itself, has been embraced and criticized since it began. From its roots to its succeeding genres, rock has carried itself through decades of music progression (Stewart, 2008). Rock’s Ancestry Listening to early rock ‘n roll will reveal that its rhythms, electric guitar riffs, lyrics, themes, andRead More Lowering the Drinking Age: Making Youths into Adults Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the largest questions still up for debate is whether to lower the drinking age from 21 to 18. We know that this issue is very mundane to you if you’re from the 70’s and 80’s. We can also recall learning about prohibition in the 1920s. Banning alcohol wasn’t the answer then and it isn’t the answer now. It is time America has lowered the drinking age. The push for this started by the founder of Choose Responsibility, a nonprofit organization that focuses on the increasing awareness of the harmsRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1767 Words   |  8 Pageswas very close to her’† (Chbosky 89-90). As sexual activity among teens rise, so does the teen pregnancy rate. According to CDC, â€Å"In 1990, there were an estimated 1 million pregnancies and 521,626 births to U.S women aged 15-19 years.† This element is also shown in The Perks of Being a Wallflower as Charlie’s sister, Candice, falls victim to teen pregnancy. Despite the high teen pregnancy rate in the 90s, CDC states that, â€Å"†¦many teen pregnancies end in abortion†¦.† Chbosky further supports this statisticRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal Drinking Age?1175 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Since Colonial times, the consumption of alcohol has been part of American culture and its use by young people has been accepted by many as part of growing up. In fact, during the late 1960s and early 1970s, many States lowered the legal drinking age from 21 to 18†, according to the US department of health services. Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America, behind only alc ohol and tobacco, and has been used by nearly 100 million Americans. Taboo recreation has been aroundRead More Abstract Essay3428 Words   |  14 Pagesthe emergency room at the hospital and even long hours of waiting for a bed to open while stuck in the crisis unit. Some diseases children encounter include alcohol use, drug use, emotional disorders, eating disorders, serious antisocial behaviors, suicide, and depression. Inpatient care has the most amounts of benefits and is the best way to help these adolescents so more facilities need to be built. Adolescent Mental Health Facilities An adolescent is defined to be someone who has undergone

Im Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay - 1303 Words

Are you Puerto Rican or American? Hesitantly, I dont know what to say when people ask me this question because I feel that I have to choose between the two ethnicities. Since I was born in the U.S., I am considered American. But, if I say I am American, I am asked about my origins. Thus, controversy evolves around inhabitants of Puerto Rico because they are considered Americans since Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States. My skin is white, my eyes are brown, and my hair is dark brown. I am confused with Europeans, such as Italians, Portuguese, or Spanish. As early as the sixth grade, I experienced prejudice indirectly. I grew up in a predominately white neighborhood where I consistently heard racist thoughts about Latinos.†¦show more content†¦While they talked about Latinos, I kept quiet; I didnt want them to think of me negatively. This experience lasted throughout the school year. When I returned to school after the summer break, half of my classmates were Latinos. The Latinos in my class differed in the way that they were proud to say they were Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Dominican. Thus, I pursued a relationship with these classmates and I began to feel differently about Latinos. I realized that I was taking part in the prejudice thoughts my previous classmates had toward Latinos by concealing my identity. I also recognized that Latinos were struggling to pursue a better life and that we are looked down upon. As a result of discrimination, it is difficult for us to accomplish our goals in life. Presently, every opportunity I get, I talk about my culture. I discuss the hardships Latinos face and I describe my experience growing up Puerto Rican. Although I am Puerto Rican, I dont know as much about my culture as I should. Reading Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America by Juan Gonzalez has brought new insights to my knowledge of Puerto Ricans and Latinos in general. Gonzalez focuses on language and writes that speaking Spanish is trea ted as a handicap instead of as an asset. Gonzalez gives us a brief history of Puerto Rico. He writes about the changes of the official language, which was English in the past and has changed to Spanish.Show MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageslearning, but he kept Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass. Langston vowed to learn by personal experience and to write in the authentic voice of a black American. During the Atlantic voyage, he shared a cabin with three crew mates: a Filipino, a Puerto Rican, and a black American teenager from Kentucky, whose songs and hilarious tales made the hot, miserable voyage on the rusty old freighter bearable. Langstons ability to make friends easily and to speak Spanish kept him out of trouble with the rowdyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesa $366 million loss. With Maytag’s overseas Hoover Division, the costs of an incredibly bungled sales promotion were more than $300 million, and still counting. Then there was the monumental acquisition of Chrysler by Germany’s Daimler, maker of proud Mercedes, for $36 billion in 1998. After nine tumultuous years, Daimler gave up and sold Chrysler to a private equity firm in 2007 for only $7.4 billion. Although they may make mistakes, organizations with sharp managements follow certain patterns

Essay on Networking Network Security - 2380 Words

Network Design Contents Introduction – Why Are Security Protocols Are Needed? 2 What Is TLS? 2 A Diagram Detailing the TLS Handshake 3 What Is SSH? 3 A Diagram Summarising SSH 4 TLS SSH; A Comparison 4 Similarities 4 Differences 4 Comparative Advantages 5 Network Requirements 5 TLS Requirements 5 SSH Requirements 5 TLS Example 6 SSH Example 6 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Introduction – Why Are Security Protocols Are Needed? In this modern day and age of computing, networks are a huge part of IT. It is important now more than ever that data sent over any network, whether it be a LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network; The Internet) is kept safe, private (when required) and uninterrupted in†¦show more content†¦Security protocols are primarily commonly used to protect communication via the web, VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and the transferring of files. This report will now go on to compare two main security protocols – TLS SSH. They will be compared in a way that takes into account both the similarities and differences in approach and features and their relative advantages and disadvantages. This information will then be backed up by examples where each protocol would be preferred to the other in a certain situation along with my own personal reasoning based on the research that has been carried out on my part. What Is TLS? TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the successor to another security protocol; SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) which was originally developed by ‘Netscape’ (HowStuffWorks SSL and TLS. 2014). It is a cryptographic security protocol which was designed primarily to ensure communication security across the internet. Communication security is achieved by the use of X.509 certificates and hence asymmetric cryptography which allows the exchange of a symmetric key, which can then be used to encrypt the data that is being transmitted between both parties involved in the communication. The protocol is made up of two main layers; TLS Record Protocol and TLS Handshake Protocol. TLS will be most commonly recognised when ‘https’ is noticed inShow MoreRelatedNetwork Security Enhancement Using Software Defined Networking Technologies1810 Words   |  8 Pages â€Æ' Network Security enhancement using Software Defined Networking Technologies Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a pattern of new technologies for permitting more prominent control of how networks work. As opposed to a genuinely static network that must be controlled by exclusive merchant particular protocols, with at times restricted deceivability into the internals of layer 2 gadgets like switches, SDN considers experimentation in enhancing and arranging how the network functions. FurthermoreRead MoreTechnological Advancements for Mabuhay Airlines 706 Words   |  3 Pagessmall airline company providing direct flight from Manila, Philippines to all points of the country. Serving the nation for more than two decades, MAL has become one of the most respected airlines with new and modern fleet of aircraft and a route network that serves 29 domestic points. MAL offers a wide arrays of online services such as view Flight Schedule, Book a Flight, Manage Booking, express service (extrack) that track and trace your cargo online and find out what types of cargo we carry forRead MoreRiordan Security Issues1359 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: WEB SECUIRTY ISSUES AND CONCERNS CMGT 440 - Introduction to Information Systems Security University of Phoenix Abstract Introduction Riordan manufacturing is a plastic injection molding company based in San Jose. The company also has various operations in 3 other Michigan cities as well as one overseas office in China. â€Å"Riordan has a 46 million annual earning† and their major customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department ofRead MoreDeveloping a Company Network Security Policy820 Words   |  3 Pageshaving the capabilities to access the company’s network both in and out of the office, increases the potential that information or the access to information may end up in the wrong hands. It is because of these threats that companies create and enforce network security policies. A network security policy is a document that states how company intends to protect the company’s physical and information technology assets. (Rouse, 2007) A security policy is intended to be a living document thatRead MoreBest Practices For Network Security2439 Words   |  10 PagesBest Practices for Network Security Network security, in this technological age, should be one of the most important items of concern for any business owner or network administrator. Since just about every company out there is connected to and conducts some sort of business over the Internet, just about every one of them is at risk from outside threats. This means that they should take certain steps in order for them for them to conduct their business securely. Beyond the initial steps, it mustRead MoreWorldwide Network Security7789 Words   |  32 PagesMARKET ANALYSIS Worldwide Network Security 2012–2016 Forecast and 2011 Vendor Shares John Grady IDC OPINION The worldwide network security market grew by 6.1% in 2011. The total market, which includes firewall, unified threat management (UTM), intrusion detection and prevention (IDP), and virtual private network (VPN) solutions, reached $7.4 billion in 2011. UTM revenue saw the strongest growth at 17.4% and reached $2.2 billion. The IDP market saw more moderate growth at 4.5%, reaching $1.9Read MoreNetwork Security : A Secure Platform For Computers2050 Words   |  9 PagesNetworking security the process of taking physical and software preemptive evaluations to protect the underlying network foundation from unauthorized admittance, misuse, glitch, modification, demolish, imprudent revelation, thereby creating a secure platform for computers, users and programs to implement their permitted critical functions within a secure environment. Network security has become significant due to the patent that can be obtained through the Internet. There are essentially two differentRead MoreThe Import ance Of Firewalls On The Operation System1222 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming critical key to business sectors and public services, therefore there are many companies paying more attention to aspects of information integrity towards its reliability and creditability (Ezingeard, McFadzean, Birchall, 2005). Moreover, security is one of the domains on the information systems, in which organizations emphasize on taking audit and compliance with controlling and monitoring information assurance processes. According to Ezingeard, McFadzean, Birchall (2005), informationRead MoreRemote Access And Using Extensible Authentication Protocol Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesdata outside the office which presents many security challenges. Not only is the end user accessing your network resources and potentially sensitive data, but they are many times doing so from a public network which the admin has no control over and is open to others who may have malicious intent. These connections clearly need to be properly secured in order provide end users secure network connections. To secure remote connections, a virtual private network (VPN) will created using the Routing andRead MoreEssay on Security Issues of Ambient Networks2196 Words   |  9 PagesIn this essay we will present security issues of a networking concept referred to as ambient networks, which aims to enable the cooperation of heterogeneous networks belonging to different operator or technology domains. In this way, it appears as homogeneous to the users of the network services. Providing security in ambient networks is a huge challenge. The main reason is that the traditional security model is not valid anymore. Traditional security assumes that there is a vulnerable channel

Inclusion For Students With Disabilities - 834 Words

Inclusion Position Paper Valerie Simmons University of West Alabama SE 506 Dr. Nichols July 1, 2015 Inclusion in the classroom is a widely debated issue in education today. Inclusive education means that students with disabilities are supported in chronologically age appropriate general education classrooms in schools near their home. These students also receive the specialized instruction outlined by their individualized education programs (IEP s) within the context of the core curriculum and general class activities. Inclusion was developed to make sure students with disabilities go to school along with their neighbors and friends. These students are also receiving specifically designed instruction and support to achieve and succeed as learners. Is inclusion in the classroom beneficial for both general and special education students is the issue. I believe that there are positive and negatives about inclusion but overall it is beneficial for some students. The issue many parents and educators face is inclusion in the classroom the best for all students. Parents and educators have to work together to make the best decision for the student. They have to decide if inclusion in the classroom is the least restricted environment that the student can learn in. I believe special education students should be included in the regular classroom as long as it is beneficial for the students. I believe some special education students have disabilities that limit theirShow MoreRelatedInclusion Of Inclusion For Students With Disabilities Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesIt is imperative that inclusion techniques be implemented in the classroom. Studies and research show that implementing inclusion techniques in the classroom have immense positive impacts on all students. As a result of these findings there is a rise in legislation being passed that fosters inclusion on a broader scale. Furthermore, it is necessary to apply inclusion techniques from a young age in order to ensure the greatest success. In my opinion the application of inclusion technique’s in classroomsRead MoreInclusion Of Students With Disabilities2882 Words   |  12 Pages in the American Public School, is the move toward full inclusion of students with disabilities. There has been a rapid rise in the number of students with disabilities who are spending their school day in a general education classroom under the guise of full inclusion. The practice of inclusion came about as a â€Å"natural outgrowth of the Mainstreaming movement,† during the 1960 s (Fruchter). Inclusion is based on the â€Å"rights of the students and the social benefits† that they receive from being inRead MoreInclusion Of Students With Disabilities1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdecade Inclusion in special education has been a controversial topic among administration, teachers, and parents. Inclusion represents the belief that students with disabilities should be integrated into the general education classroom whether or not they cannot meet traditional curriculum standards. The purpose of the study is to examine the potential advantages and disadvantages of inclusion of students with disabilities into the general education classroom. The hypothesis is that students with disabilitiesRead MoreInclusion Of Students With Disabilities1252 Words   |  6 PagesI am extremely in favor of inclusion of students with disabilities. Inclusion can be defined as an option in which the education of a child is taken into consideration. For example, it involves the students with disabilities pursuing most or all of their education within an ordinary school setting with their other classmates that do not have disabilities. Inclusion has many objectives, but the most important objective of inclusion would definitely have to be in that it is a program that supportsRead MoreInclusion Of Students With Disabilities Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pagesmove toward full inclusion of students with disabilities. There has been a rapid rise in the number of students with disabilities who are spending their school day in a general education classroom under the guise of full inclusion. Inclusion is purported to be based on the rights of the students and the social benefits that they receive from being in a general education classroom. There are many who see this as a solution to the problem of how to best educate children with disabilities. Is includingRead MoreInclusion Of Students With Mental Disabilities1551 Words   |  7 Pagesis a term that expresses a commitment to teaching children with physical, mental, and learning disabilities in the classroom they would attend otherwise (to the greatest extent possible). In inclusive schools, support services are brought to the students as opposed to them leaving class to receive the help they require. This paper is going to focus on the inclusion of students with mental disabilities who are usually separated in special education classrooms. For parents and educators alike, theRead MoreInclusion For Students With Disabilities And Benefits For The Students Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pageshave inclusion in an early childhood classroom. There are benefits for the students with disabilities and benefits for the t ypically developed student. Not only are their benefits for the students, but teachers also benefit from inclusion in the classroom. Inclusion also shows diversity and shows the differences between peers. Teachers will have to differentiate their instruction and support the needs of all their students. Some people will believe there are too many concerns for inclusion in theRead MoreEssay on Inclusion of Students with Disabilities 2995 Words   |  12 Pagesschools are aiming to implement is inclusion in the classroom because of the benefits inclusion could bring. The implementation of inclusion is strongly connected by people’s attitudes whether they are positive or negative. However, while inclusion is being widely implemented, there is comparatively little data on its effectiveness. It may be that inclusion benefits some areas such as reading and social skills, more than it does others. In order for inclusion to be implemented properly it is importantRead MoreInclusion For Students With Learning Disabilities2259 Words   |  10 Pages 12 [Inclusion for students with learning disabilities] [Inclusion for students with learning disabilities] 13 The Inclusion for Students with Learning Disabilities in Special Education Lehigh University Bowei Chen Many researches show that students with learning disabilities have a high rate of victimization. This paper gives few case studies about how elementary schools implement the policy and guidelines to inclusive the students with learning disabilities. The purposeRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities1173 Words   |  5 Pageseducation system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom. The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of students with special needs that are

Theories of Communication for Social and Historical-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTheories of Communication for Social and Historical. Answer: Introduction For quite some time, the term media is commonly used to signify the intermediary between the sources of communication message (object) to the receiver of the message (target audience). Hence, media has been seen as the technology used to communicate messages to the target audiences in various parts of the world. Contrary to the perception mentioned above, Dan Laughey came up with the media theory with the aim of looking at the media from another angle and deviate from standard thinking by putting in place all the other possible reasons for the existence of media[1]. Media Theory In order to develop an argument and support the media theory, various aspects have been covered[2]. The aspects form the basis of media theory and act as the themes put across for the purpose of looking at media in a totally different dimension. The aspects covered in media theory include technical, capitalist, cultural, political, social, and historical[3]. Therefore, the above listed aspects help to understand the media in a deeper perspective away from the common perception within the public domain. In the historical aspect, it entails focusing attention on the historical sense of medium, which is the singular form of media. With some common types of media like television, radio, newspapers and internet being referred to as mass media, it is evident that there is a common belief that messages from the media must be received by a mass audience[4]. However, it is imperative to note that the use of the term medium before the age of mass media referred to something or someone found in between the message being sent and the receiver of the message. Thus, according to above argument, it is evident that television, radio, and internet remain as means of communication and it is not a must for them to stay as tools of mass communication[5]. A tool can be a medium of communication between the object and the receiver of the message. The technical bit of media seeks to look at the press as the means by which the object communicates the desired messages to the target audience. For instance, the object can be a tool of communication such as radio or television. Hence, it is important to understand that the means by which the media communicates the messages to the audience can either be analogue or digital. Thus, the media theory looks at media as the means by which messages are delivered to people from the object but not the object itself. Before the 19th century, the media was seen as the means of communication only, and some forms of mass media like newspapers relied on sales as the only way to raise income[6]. After the 19th century, the media became more commercial as the aspect of capitalism started to set in. The media began making more money from advertisements and media was transformed into a lucrative business venture. Thus, the capitalist aspect looks at the media as more of the business building venture other than a mean of communication. The media in most countries operate according to the political nature and structure in countries. For instance, there are countries where the government fully controls media while other countries, government partially control the media. The media is perceived as a political tool more than a mean of communication. Thus, the political aspect portrays press as a tool of spreading propaganda and control the society in favour of the government[7]. Hence, media theory tries to unmask the media in various ways apart from how individuals perceive. It goes out of the box to give a critical view of the media that most people in the contemporary world cannot understand easily[8]. From that dimension, it can see how media serves other purposes other than being a mean of communication. The media theory goes further to give reliable and relevant information to back up its hypothesis and arguments. Behaviourism and Media Effects As the media develops from one form to another, it is vital to measure and establish their effect on human being behaviour and the well-being of the people in the society, that is, the recipient of the media content. Hence, as media transformed from the traditional forms of using fire to the present era of internet, their effects on the general public cannot be underscored. It is vital to look at how media affects the way people think, feel and act including the media impact on social, moral and political behaviours of the people. Thus, to deeply understand the effects, it is important to explore various theories which fall under the behaviourism and media effects. The first theoretical model that supports the media effects is the Lasswells formula or the chain of communication[9]. The model emphasizes the assumption that media messages have always had an impact on the receiver. The communicator of the posts has the intention of influencing the receiver of the messages, and thus the messages must be persuasive to win the spirit of the receiver and convince to borrow from the messages. The model is applicable mostly in politics where the propaganda by politicians is expected to generate a particular stimulus from the target audience making them act in a certain way. Another famous model in understanding the media effects is Fredric Werthams Seduction of the Innocent model. The psychiatrist argues that most of the programs shown on the television have a direct influence on the minds and behaviour of children who come into contact with such media. Wertham maintains that innocent children will tend to believe each and every scene they watch on televisions directly[10]. Consequently, most of the children end up being influenced to understand and practice such views. The other model forming the basis of the media effects is the Cantrilss model of The Invasion from Mars[11]. The social psychologist Hadley Cantril maintains that media is having an indirect impact on its audience. In his argument, Cantril observes how a fiction radio play Evil Martians caused a lot of panic among the people. Cantril suggests that most people at that time believed that radio was the only mean of communication. The people could not also ascertain that the play was fiction. Hence, most people tend to think of the messages they listen and hear from the media. The Cultivation Theory is another model suggesting that television messages seem to cultivate certain behaviours on the substantial viewers over an extended period[12]. For example, the children who have grown up watching television and their exposure to it might end up nourishing and affecting their values and perspectives in the long run[13]. Thus, TV has a long-term effect on how society views the world. Agenda-setting and social functions model state that the media shapes the public opinion and other public issues[14]. The media gives the public the real problems trending, and the public will have to think and give their verdict on various issues set up by the media. The uses and gratifications model suggest that the people use the media in a way that they will fulfil their psychological needs. According to the theory, the press has some impact on how the media will influence the audience to view or listen[15]. The public will take in all the media content that fulfils their psychological needs. Modernity and Medium Theory The term modernity refers to the political, social, economic and technological advancements that are as a result of the transition from the traditional to the modern ways of doing things[16]. Thus, in the modernity and medium theory, various models stated capture the broad impact of the current advancements and their effect on the development of mass media. The invention of new forms of media changed how communication took place. According to Innis model of The Bias of Communication, the emergence of print media or press helped in devolving information since materials were distributed using the printed form from one region to another[17]. The introduction of the print media also led to rise of literacy among the people who embraced print media. It also helped the communities become more united through the use of the same language contained in the written material. Media has powerful effects on various societies. According to McLuhan, the nature of the media has a massive impact on the target audience. The medium has become the message, and the medium will control how the audience will connect[18]. The emergence of new media has changed the way people control the contemporary public and political sphere. According to Habernas, development of capitalism has hindered the rational-critical debate in the media[19]. The public area has been turned into a field of advertising and public relations. The public has no opportunity to engage their politicians, and the press has blocked the people from participating in a more developmental exchange of political and essential views. The development in the mass media has affected the culture of many societies[20]. The growth in mass media and technology has led to lack of real sense of identity and belonging. The impact of international content consumption as opposed to the local content has highly affected peoples culture. Thus, the modernity has eradicated local content and hence affecting the culture of people consuming the international content. According to Leavises and the Lynds, the minority culture of the elites dictates the moral guidance to other cultures and also the matters of mass civilisation[21]. Thus, media is bringing out some strong standardised forces that threaten the perception of other people. Media tends to effect on communities on the standardised perception according to the media view. Hence, many cities tend to change their nature of existence according to the media and all because of the press. The modernity theory has profoundly affected the media and the content it offers to its target audience[22]. The technological advancements have profoundly influenced the form and the environment into which the press operates. Therefore, it has also changed the media content offered for consumption by the target audience. The people have also been influenced to change with modernity and change in the mass media. Structuralism and Semiotics Theory Structuralism is the theoretical framework that seeks to understand how systems work to structure their individual at any given moment in time. [23]Semiotics, on the other hand, is a method used to study structuralism. It is used to analyse language as one of the systems that organise its components in units of meaning. Style is a system that forms part of other systems like social and political systems. Media is also the part of a social network and influenced by social system as well. According to Saussure and Barthes theories of language and myth, Saussure explains that language reflects both the reality and also operates in its system which brings meaning to the word[24]. However, a message referring to an idea can only make sense once it is different from others. According to Barthes theory of myth, belief and sound are related to making a meaning. Thus, media can develop myths and decide to nurture some of them and discard other. According to Hall, a doctrine is a discursive sense of ideas, meanings, conceptions, theories and beliefs and the form of consciousness which are appropriate to them[25]. Hence, the relationship between the ideology and the media can only be analysed using semiotics. Also, the press is structured in such a way that they deliver much thinking and myths. Hegemony is when political, social and economic values bring about an ideological struggle for leadership. Thus, the media will encode messages to serve the interests of the hegemonic forces. According to Glasgow Media Group, media remains ideological since they stay discriminatory and they present their view of things in favour of some interests over others. Although news is presented truly and impartially, they sometimes convey the ideological ideas of the dominant cultural groups. Thus, the GMGs Ideology of News concludes that in the long run, media remains biased to favour dominant ideological interests. Hence, media continues at the centre stage in determining the truth and effectiveness of certain communication messages. As presented by Williamson, The Ideology of Ads states that advertising creates a structure of meaning[26]. Adverts present an ideological significance on the level of a communicator. Thus, the ads can only be understood once received. The receiver struggles to decode to get the intended meaning. However, the adverts seem to convey the message through the media for the benefit of the advertiser, and it is through the media that the advertiser can influence the target audience without their consent[27]. In some instances, media can only produce ideologies and present them in such a way that the intended audience understands them. Some messages seem to confuse the audience due to their different culture and subculture. Thus, in the process of designing, producing and distributing such words, it is imperative to note that the media should present such words in a way that they will be understood by various people with various cultures and subcultures. Structuralism and semiotics theory is developed to help the media and the source of the messages in structuring the words in such a way that the target audience can understand them[28]. The communication process is completed if the ideologies sent to the viewer are decoded successfully, and the messages understood. Bibliography Berger, Arthur Asa. "Theories of Communication." InMessages, pp. 16-33. Routledge, 2016. Bertrand, Ina, and Peter Hughes.Media research methods: Audiences, institutions, texts, pp.51-61.Macmillan International Higher Education, 2017. Cantril, Hadley.The invasion from Mars: A study in the psychology of panic, pp.12-19. Routledge, 2017. Couldry, Nick.Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice, pp. 29-35, Polity, 2012. Culler, Jonathan.On deconstruction: Theory and criticism after structuralism, pp.49-53. Routledge, 2014. Delanty, Gerard.Social theory in a changing world: Conceptions of modernity, pp.31-37, John Wiley Sons, 2013. Ehlers, Wolfgang, and Joachim Bluhm, eds.Porous media: theory, experiments and numerical applications, pp. 8-11. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Hebdige, Dick.Subculture: The meaning of style, pp. 19-25. Routledge, 2012. Hirst, Martin, John Harrison, and Patricia Mazepa.Communication and new media: From broadcast to narrowcast, pp. 49-65. Oxford University Press, 2014. Innis, Harold A.Essays in Canadian economic history, pp. 73-77. University of Toronto Press, 2017. Jenkins, Henry.Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture. pp. 62-66. Routledge, 2012. Katz, Elihu, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and Elmo Roper.Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications, pp. 43-47. Routledge, 2017. McQuail, Denis, and Sven Windahl.Communication models for the study of mass communications, pp.51-55. Routledge, 2015. O'brien, Martin, Sue Penna, and Colin Hay.Theorising Modernity: Reflexivity, Environment Identity in Giddens' Social Theory, pp. 18-20. Routledge, 2014. Potter, Robert F., and Paul Bolls.Psychophysiological measurement and meaning: Cognitive and emotional processing of media, pp. 26-31. Routledge, 2012. Puppis, Manuel, and Natascha Just, eds.Trends in communication policy research: New theories, methods and subjects, pp.39-47. Intellect Books, 2012. Sheehan, Kim Bartel.Controversies in contemporary advertising,pp.15-25. Sage Publications, 2013.

Persian influence on greco

Persian influence on greco-rom Essay He stands there, examining a beautiful white column, with perfect curves around it and an exquisite capital that shows detailed architecture. He twists his head to the right just a bit to read the official description. He is in the Louvre museum and a bit surprised. He was expecting to read Pre-Hellenistic Greek Column, but stunned, he realizes that it says columns of Persepolis, circa 500 B.C.E. Thats surprising, he says to himself I could have sworn that that one came from Greece. Yes, surprising. As a matter of fact, many things which are considered to have originated in Greece and are now known as Western culture, art, and architecture, actually originated in the Middle East, or more precisely, in ancient Persia. Most people dont know it, but Persia was the center of the world before and during the Greco-Persian Wars (492-449 BC) (Greco-Persian Wars). The whole world looked to Persia and everybody tried to model everything after the Persian way. Even Greece copied Persia on some occasions. In fact, Greece, before Alexander the Great, was just a coalition of small kingdoms. Persia, the biggest empire to exist up that time, was the world power, controlled the way of thinking of the time, and placed a deep mark into not only Greek thinking and culture, but also the Western idea and life. Many people do not realize it, but much of todays culture can be found in ancient Persian literature, art, and architecture. Much has been made of the Greco-Persian Wars, and rightfully so. The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of wars between the Persians and the Greek coalition. The number of victories favored the Persians by far, however, the one event that mattered because it ended all Persian presence in Greece, the battle of Platea, was won by the Greeks. This series of wars may very well be the event which most changed history single-handedly. Considering that the Persians were the only real world power at the time, it is easy to see that the world would be much differen t today had Alexander the Great not come to lead the Greek coalition to victory. All of Western society is based on Greece and Greek government and culture, but many things could have been different had Persia won. First, the Middle East, not Europe, would be the most powerful and wealthy part of the world. Also, despite the fact that much of Persias culture was mimicked in Greek culture, there were still many differences, and the world would probably be very different than it is today. Throughout history, each regime has changed the past to benefit itself. This is ongoing, and today, the West has reshaped history to better its own share. People now learn only of the great achievements of the Roman and Greek empires, but seldom does it occur that a student knows where the Assyrian empire was located and just how powerful the Mongols were at the height of their civilization. Most notably, the Persian Empire is one that has been neglected time after time. The Greek people were the one s who defeated Persia and they adapted many of Persias ways. The Greeks and Persians were closely related people in both blood and culture, but today, the Europeans and Iranians are no longer considered one people. However, when one takes an objective look at the Persians, it can be seen that much of the culture that is present today in Western society comes from ancient Persia. Greco-Western culture, art, and architecture have all evolved from ancient Persia, and, because these have been mimicked by Greece, roots of Persian influence can be readily found in Greco-Western. Greek and ancient Persian architectures were similar in many ways. Most people think that if they are similar, then the Greeks were the ones who originally had the architecture. However, it is interesting to note that the most ancient Persian architecture found was in the cities of Susa and Elam dating from 1600-1000 BC (Histoirevol.1, 211). One notable aspect of Persian architecture imitated by the Greeks was the famous Greek columns. As explained in the introduction, the Greek columns were very similar to Persian columns; and, because of time periods, it can be deduced that the Persians had great influence on the Greek columns (210). Nearly every part of the Greek column, from the capital, the abacus, the annulated, and the echinus, to the shaft and the base, is a near copy of the Persian column which dated approximately 500 years before the Greek confederation (Histoirevol.2, 38). There are many examples of Greek and Persian columns still standing today which can demonstrate the i nfluence that Persian architecture had on Greek columns. One example is the Temple of Discuses. In this architectural marvel, of which only the columns remain, the columns, dating to the 5th century B.C.E., show Persian influence in not only the shape and design of the column, but also in the material used (32). Even at Delphi, one of the most ancient Greek cities, where some of the oldest Greek temples are found, the columns are comparable to the Persian columns (35). Another type of Persian architecture that the Greeks imitated is the famous wall carving. Believed by most to be a Greek invention, it was actually started during the Persian rule and possible even before that (1500-1000 BC) (Histoirevol.1, 35). Wall carvings, beautiful sculptures of people, animals, and sentimental and religious objects, were started in the Near East, but spread to Europe through Greece. The Persians also included many stories into their carvings, notably stories of crowing shahs and drawings of sold iers and generals going to war. Also, in many cases, the Persians made carvings of gods that they had, such as Mitra, to honor them (212). The Greeks made wall carvings very similar to the Persian carvings, and many of the stories were parallel to the Persian stories. Many of the symbols used by the Persians were also used in Greek wall carvings (Histoirevol.2, 61). Another noteworthy way that Greece emulated Persian architecture was in their statues. The Persians had begun to make human-sized sculptures around 1000 BC (Histoirevol.1, 213). One exquisite statue is that of queen Napir-Asu. Though decapitated, the way she has been built demonstrates her royal and high-class stance. It is very interesting that her stance is the same one used for many years up to today by the high-class society (214). There were three symbols, the golden winged goat, representing the Persians admiration for the goat because, despite its small stature, it was a very tough and powerful animal (226). The s econd was the winged horse with the head of a king. This animal represents the power of a winged horse, coupled with the mind of a king (224). The third and last was the winged lion which, to the Persians, was the ultimate sign of power. The lion represented what every king wanted to be: a powerful person who could oversee everything and whom everybody feared (221). The Greeks used all three of these symbols in their sculpture. The animal which was used most of the three was the winged lion. However, the winged lion had in most cases the head of a human (Histoirevol.2, 34). This symbol of power a knowledge is a mixture of the Persian lion and headed horse. This influence is readily apparent throughout Greek architecture. Life of Picasso Essay SummaryThe culture that most of the West lives by today is a mix of many different cultures and, even though each country has a unique culture, most are similar in that they have the same roots. The roots of Western culture today come from ancient Greco-Roman culture, and a good deal of the ancient Greco-Roman culture has roots in ancient Persian culture in an assortment of ways. There are a variety of foods that exist in Europe today which people consider to come from Greece. Many of these foods are currently made in Greece, but they were not started there. They were started in ancient Persia. Some foods, such as baklava are known to have been first made by the Persians. Baklava is a delicious treat which is small in size (3cm by 2cm), but very sweet and loaded with spices. This famous pastry is eaten throughout Europe and even in the United States, and most believe it is of Greek origin. However, the truth is that the Persians were the first to actually make it (Batmanglij 249). Another famous dish eaten throughout Europe is the dolama. This is meal known throughout Europe as Greek. It is made up of marrow, tomato, or cabbage stuffed with minced meat and rice. This is yet another dish which makes up a Persian influence on the modern day European as well as the ancient Greek societies (267). Another important manner in which ancient Persia has influenced the Greco-Roman world is in the arena of sports and games. Many games which today are considered European are actually of direct Persian descent. One famous sport played across the world and believed by most to be a British sport is polo, a sport in which the object is to hit a bill into a goal while riding a horse. This sport actually originated in ancient Persia circa 600 B.C.E. It was known as a royal sport and was call Chogan. It spread from Persia through the Byzantine Empire to the rest of Europe (History). Another well-known game is chess. This game of chess is known as a game ri ch in history which shows that intellect is just as important as strength. What is not known about chess is that it was originally made by a Persian king-king Khosroe I-to show that battle strategy is of utmost importance in a fight. He made it to show that, despite the fact that both armies start with equal forces, one wins because of better techniques and skill, and this must be displayed on the battlefield. It is believed that chess was created in 600 C.E. (Origins). One last game known all across the world is backgammon. This game also tends to be categorized as European, but once again a more in depth look shows that it was also created first in Persia. In fact, backgammon is the oldest known recorded game in mans history. It was created in ancient Persia around 800 B.C.E. by a Persian Shah who wanted to show his people and his armies that no matter how bad a battle situation looked, some luck could change the whole tide of the battle (Salar). From Persia, it spread not only We st through Greece and Rome to all of Europe but it also spread East towards India, China and Japan. These games truly changed the world, but Persia is no longer credited as the creator of them, Europe is, and it is important to know that Persian culture had a great impact on Western culture. In conclusion, it easy to see that Greco-Western culture, art, and architecture have all evolved from ancient Persia, and, because these have been mimicked by Greece, roots of Persian influence can be readily found in Greco-Western.